What genre is credited as being the first horror movie, according to its historical context?

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The genre credited with being the first horror movie is generally recognized as "The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari." Released in 1920, this German silent film is significant not only for its storyline but also for its innovative use of expressionist design and themes of madness and authority. The narrative revolves around a sinister hypnotist who uses a somnambulist to commit murders, establishing key elements of suspense and psychological horror.

The film is pivotal in film history as it laid the groundwork for the horror genre by incorporating a sense of fear and otherworldliness through its stylistic choices and narrative structure. Its lasting influence can be seen in many horror films that followed, as it explores themes of psychological manipulation and the blurred lines between sanity and insanity.

While other options like "Frankenstein," "Dracula," and "Nosferatu" are indeed iconic horror films, they were released after "The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari" and reflect the evolution of the genre rather than its origins.