Which model did Marx provide that influenced German Expressionism?

Marx's sophisticated model of modern society provided a critical framework for understanding class struggle, alienation, and the impacts of capitalism, which deeply influenced various cultural movements, including German Expressionism. This artistic movement sought to express the emotional and psychological states of individuals, particularly in response to the societal changes and tensions brought about by modern industrial life.

German Expressionists often utilized themes of angst, isolation, and societal critique, all of which resonated with Marx's analysis of economic structures and social disparities. The interpretation of modern society through a Marxist lens allowed Expressionist artists and filmmakers to explore the darker sides of human experience within a rapidly changing world, reflective of their era's anxieties.

The other options focus on different aspects—character development is a narrative technique, theoretical approaches to sound deal with audio in film, and visual aesthetics pertain to the visual style used by artists—but it is the understanding of modern society and the socio-political context that Marx presented that fundamentally shaped the themes and approaches taken by German Expressionist artists and filmmakers.