Which of the following themes is commonly explored in film noir?

Film noir is characterized by its exploration of crime, moral ambiguity, and the darker aspects of the human experience. Central to the genre are themes such as betrayal, existential angst, and the complexity of human motivations, reflecting a pessimistic worldview where characters often find themselves in morally compromising situations. This exploration of crime typically encompasses both the acts of crime and the psychological implications for those involved, leading to a nuanced portrayal of the characters' struggles.

In film noir, the narrative frequently presents a cynical view on society, emphasizing the consequences of criminal behavior and the inherent moral complexities of its characters, who may navigate a world where right and wrong are not clearly defined. The aesthetic often mirrors these themes, utilizing shadows and stark lighting to create a sense of tension and foreboding.

The other themes presented are less representative of film noir. For instance, idealism and urban life emphasize a more optimistic view of society, while fantasy and romantic love focus on idealized relationships, both of which contrast with the gritty realism of film noir. Historical events and documentaries typically address factual recounting rather than the fictional, stylized narratives prevalent in noir films.