Who directed The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari?

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The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, released in 1920, is a landmark of German Expressionist cinema, and it was directed by Robert Wiene. His innovative approach to set design and narrative structure helped establish a distinct visual and thematic style that had a lasting impact on the horror genre and film as a whole. The film's portrayal of madness and its intense visual aesthetic, characterized by distorted sets and sharp contrasts of light and shadow, are hallmarks of Wiene's directorial vision.

In contrast to the other figures mentioned, while Fritz Lang is known for his films such as Metropolis, G.W. Pabst directed works that included socially critical narratives, and Fritz Rasp was notable for his performances rather than directing films. Thus, Robert Wiene's authorship of The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari stands out, making him the appropriate answer.